Monthly climate report
Climate report: October 2026
Global land temperature (NASA GISTEMP v4) and atmospheric CO₂: where things stand at the end of October 2026.
Global temperature in October 2026
- October 2026 (land)
- +2.23 °Cversus 1901–1930
- Rank of the month
- Recordof 147 Octobers on record
- 2026, January–October
- +2.00 °C2nd of 147 years
- CO₂ at Mauna Loa
- 426.71ppmOctober 2026 average
In October 2026, land areas worldwide were +2.23 °C warmer than the 1901–1930 average, according to NASA's GISTEMP v4 analysis, compared with +1.85 °C in October 2025. That makes it the warmest October in 147 years of records.
From January to October, 2026 averages +2.00 °C — the 2nd warmest start to a year since 1880.
Over the 12 months ending in October 2026, the land average is +2.00 °C, against +2.02 °C over the previous 12 months. The highest 12-month average remains the one ending in August 2024 (+2.21 °C).
Every month since August 2025 has been more than 1.5 °C above the 1901–1930 average — 15 months in a row.
These figures cover land areas only. Land warms faster than the ocean, so the values are higher than the combined land-and-ocean averages usually quoted.
The last 13 months
| Month | Anomaly vs 1901–1930 |
|---|---|
| October 2026 | +2.23 °C |
| September 2026 | +2.11 °C |
| August 2026 | +2.20 °C |
| July 2026 | +1.83 °C |
| June 2026 | +1.74 °C |
| May 2026 | +1.66 °C |
| April 2026 | +1.79 °C |
| March 2026 | +2.36 °C |
| February 2026 | +2.38 °C |
| January 2026 | +1.76 °C |
| December 2025 | +1.93 °C |
| November 2025 | +2.01 °C |
| October 2025 | +1.85 °C |
The 10 warmest Octobers on record
Land areas, 1880–2026.
| # | Year | Anomaly vs 1901–1930 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | October 2026this report | +2.23 °C |
| 2 | October 2023 | +2.20 °C |
| 3 | October 2024 | +2.16 °C |
| 4 | October 2025 | +1.85 °C |
| 5 | October 2015 | +1.72 °C |
| 6 | October 2021 | +1.66 °C |
| 7 | October 2022 | +1.66 °C |
| 8 | October 2018 | +1.60 °C |
| 9 | October 2019 | +1.59 °C |
| 10 | October 2005 | +1.51 °C |
Atmospheric CO₂
At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, atmospheric CO₂ averaged 426.71 ppm in October 2026 (26 daily values published by NOAA). The annual mean rose from 424.60 ppm in 2024 to 427.35 ppm in 2025, +2.8 ppm in one year.
Sources and method
- Temperatures: NASA GISS, GISTEMP v4, monthly mean over land areas, rebased to 1901–1930 (file of November 14, 2026).
- Ranks use the months known at the date of the report. NASA slightly revises past values at each update, so figures can move by a few hundredths of a degree.
- CO₂: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa Observatory.